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《日韩首页-WWW.BBB99999,COM_WWWBBB99999COM》视频说明：铁家四老也察觉到了情况连忙撤销铁柜蛊赶来营救至于围困白凝冰什么的早已经顾不得了中华豪门—中国古建筑的木结构类型原创2023-01-18 13:57·中华豪门开鸿顺本期编辑/开鸿顺KaiHongShun Studio————————中国境内不同区域木构建筑的风格差异颇大但从结构角度看则较为统一大体可分为抬梁式、穿斗式、井干式三种技术体系The style of wooden buildings in different regions in China is quite different, but from the structural point of view, they are relatively unified, and can be divided into three technical systems, namely, lifting beam type, penetrating bucket type and well dry type.抬梁式结构通过使用大跨度粱枋可以获得较开敞的室内空间在大型建筑上得到广泛使用而穿斗式与井干式则多用于小型建筑同时与木结构并行砖石结构在各时期也得到了不同程度的发展早期以砌筑台基、墓室、小型建筑最为常见至元明时期则出现了较大型的砖拱券建筑多以仿木建筑形象出现俗称无梁殿Through the use of large-span beam braces, the beam lifting structure can obtain a relatively open indoor space, which is widely used in large buildings, while the bucket type and well dry type are mostly used in small buildings. At the same time, in parallel with the wooden structure, the masonry structure has also been developed to different degrees in different periods.与前述技术相配套夯土技术自原始时期开始就在建筑基础与墙体建造上得到了广泛使用至晚近时期更发展出了以土楼为代表的集合式大型住宅体系In combination with the above technologies, ramming technology has been widely used in building foundation and wall construction since the original period. In the recent period, a large residential system with Tulou as its representative has been developed.抬梁式木结构抬梁式结构是中国传统木构最主流的技术类型基本特点为柱顶置梁梁的端部安放檩条梁中部通过短柱支叠短梁层层而上可至三到五层如柱顶使用斗拱则梁头安置于斗拱之上借助大跨度的梁枋这种结构可以提供开敞的室内空间故而为各类高等级建筑广泛采用The lifting beam structure is the most mainstream technology type of Chinese traditional wooden structure. The basic feature is that the beam is placed on the top of the column, the purlin is placed at the end of the beam, and the short beam is supported by the short column in the middle of the beam, which can reach three to five floors.穿斗式木结构穿斗亦称串逗常见于南方地区基本特征为檩条直接置于柱头之上沿进深方向用穿枋将柱子串联起来形成一榀榀的屋架沿面阔方向再用穿枋将各榀梁架串联起来由此形成整体框架这种做法的优点是用材节省取材便利可以用细小木料组合为屋架但由于柱列密集无法提供开阔的室内空间一般只用于小型民居之上Wearing Dou, also known as "string tease", is common in southern China. The basic feature is that the purlin is directly placed on the column head, and the columns are connected in series with braces along the depth direction to form a roof truss. Along the direction of the width of the face, the beams are connected in series with braces to form the overall frame.混合式木结构穿斗式结构为降低过密柱列的影响部分吸收拾梁式的做法发展出了混合式做法此种做法仍为柱头承檩以穿枋连接柱列但通过局部使用大型穿枋形成了类似拾梁式的格局有效减少了室内立柱数量是一种较为合理的做法故而现存穿斗式结构普遍具有混合式的特征In order to reduce the impact of over-dense columns, the bucket structure partially absorbs the method of picking up beams and develops a mixed method. This method is still to support purlins at the column head and connect the columns with braces... Therefore, the existing bucket type structure generally has the characteristics of mixed type.井干式木结构因其状如古代水并的围栏故名并干并干式结构首先将木材平行向上层层叠置在转角处利用榫卯咬合形成房屋四壁然后在侧壁上承檩构成房顶但此种做法木材消耗巨大故而多见于林区中国只在东北、西南山区少量出现It is named Binggan because it looks like a fence in ancient times. In the dry-type structure, the wood is first stacked in parallel and upward layers, and the mortise and tenon are used at the corners to form the four walls of the house, and then the purlins on the side walls form the roof.石砌结构在中国西南山区如羌族及嘉绒藏族聚居区山体多为板岩或片麻岩易于开采加工且经人耐用故而逐步形成了以石材砌筑墙体的结构形式此类建筑墙体为石砌屋顶为木结构上覆士层很适合当地干燥少雨的气候特征In the mountainous areas of southwest China, such as the inhabited areas of Qiang and Jiarong Tibetans, the mountains are mostly slate or gneiss, which are easy to be mined and processed, and are durable. Therefore, the structural form of stone masonry walls has gradually formed.夯土结构夯土技术早在原始时期即已出现通过人工夯筑可以大大增加夯土体的强度和耐久性是古代墙体、台基常用的构造方法由于夯土是分层夯实在夯土体之上能看到明显的分层痕迹The ramming technology has appeared in the primitive period. Through manual ramming, the strength and durability of rammed soil can be greatly increased. It is a common construction method for ancient walls and abutments. Since the compacted soil is compacted in layers, obvious layering marks can be seen on the compacted soil.砖拱券仿木结构中国早期纯砖石结构多见于地下墓室地面以上除佛塔及桥梁外较少使用此类技术至元明时期伴随砖瓦生产的迅速增长同时通过吸收中亚与西亚地区的拱券技术汉地出现了样式繁多的砖拱券建筑多数为仿木建筑造型In the early stage of China, pure brick and stone structures were mostly found in underground tombs. Except for pagodas and bridges above the ground, such technologies were rarely used. During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, with the rapid growth of brick and tile production, and through the absorption of arch technology in Central Asia and West Asia.中国境内不同区域木构建筑的风格差异颇大但从结构角度看则较为统一大体可分为抬梁式、穿斗式、井干式三种技术体系The style of wooden buildings in different regions in China is quite different, but from the structural point of view, they are relatively unified, and can be divided into three technical systems, namely, lifting beam type, penetrating bucket type and well dry type.抬梁式结构通过使用大跨度粱枋可以获得较开敞的室内空间在大型建筑上得到广泛使用而穿斗式与井干式则多用于小型建筑同时与木结构并行砖石结构在各时期也得到了不同程度的发展早期以砌筑台基、墓室、小型建筑最为常见至元明时期则出现了较大型的砖拱券建筑多以仿木建筑形象出现俗称无梁殿Through the use of large-span beam braces, the beam lifting structure can obtain a relatively open indoor space, which is widely used in large buildings, while the bucket type and well dry type are mostly used in small buildings. At the same time, in parallel with the wooden structure, the masonry structure has also been developed to different degrees in different periods.与前述技术相配套夯土技术自原始时期开始就在建筑基础与墙体建造上得到了广泛使用至晚近时期更发展出了以土楼为代表的集合式大型住宅体系In combination with the above technologies, ramming technology has been widely used in building foundation and wall construction since the original period. In the recent period, a large residential system with Tulou as its representative has been developed.抬梁式木结构抬梁式结构是中国传统木构最主流的技术类型基本特点为柱顶置梁梁的端部安放檩条梁中部通过短柱支叠短梁层层而上可至三到五层如柱顶使用斗拱则梁头安置于斗拱之上借助大跨度的梁枋这种结构可以提供开敞的室内空间故而为各类高等级建筑广泛采用The lifting beam structure is the most mainstream technology type of Chinese traditional wooden structure. The basic feature is that the beam is placed on the top of the column, the purlin is placed at the end of the beam, and the short beam is supported by the short column in the middle of the beam, which can reach three to five floors...穿斗式木结构穿斗亦称串逗常见于南方地区基本特征为檩条直接置于柱头之上沿进深方向用穿枋将柱子串联起来形成一榀榀的屋架沿面阔方向再用穿枋将各榀梁架串联起来由此形成整体框架这种做法的优点是用材节省取材便利可以用细小木料组合为屋架但由于柱列密集无法提供开阔的室内空间一般只用于小型民居之上Wearing Dou, also known as "string tease", is common in southern China. The basic feature is that the purlin is directly placed on the column head, and the columns are connected in series with braces along the depth direction to form a roof truss. Along the direction of the width of the face, the beams are connected in series with braces to form the overall frame.混合式木结构穿斗式结构为降低过密柱列的影响部分吸收拾梁式的做法发展出了混合式做法此种做法仍为柱头承檩以穿枋连接柱列但通过局部使用大型穿枋形成了类似拾梁式的格局有效减少了室内立柱数量是一种较为合理的做法故而现存穿斗式结构普遍具有混合式的特征In order to reduce the impact of over-dense columns, the bucket structure partially absorbs the method of picking up beams and develops a mixed method. This method is still to support purlins at the column head and connect the columns with braces.井干式木结构因其状如古代水并的围栏故名并干并干式结构首先将木材平行向上层层叠置在转角处利用榫卯咬合形成房屋四壁然后在侧壁上承檩构成房顶但此种做法木材消耗巨大故而多见于林区中国只在东北、西南山区少量出现It is named Binggan because it looks like a fence in ancient times. In the dry-type structure, the wood is first stacked in parallel and upward layers, and the mortise and tenon are used at the corners to form the four walls of the house, and then the purlins on the side walls form the roof.石砌结构在中国西南山区如羌族及嘉绒藏族聚居区山体多为板岩或片麻岩易于开采加工且经人耐用故而逐步形成了以石材砌筑墙体的结构形式此类建筑墙体为石砌屋顶为木结构上覆士层很适合当地干燥少雨的气候特征In the mountainous areas of southwest China, such as the inhabited areas of Qiang and Jiarong Tibetans, the mountains are mostly slate or gneiss, which are easy to be mined and processed, and are durable. Therefore, the structural form of stone masonry walls has gradually formed.夯土结构夯土技术早在原始时期即已出现通过人工夯筑可以大大增加夯土体的强度和耐久性是古代墙体、台基常用的构造方法由于夯土是分层夯实在夯土体之上能看到明显的分层痕迹The ramming technology has appeared in the primitive period. Through manual ramming, the strength and durability of rammed soil can be greatly increased. It is a common construction method for ancient walls and abutments. Since the compacted soil is compacted in layers, obvious layering marks can be seen on the compacted soil.砖拱券仿木结构中国早期纯砖石结构多见于地下墓室地面以上除佛塔及桥梁外较少使用此类技术至元明时期伴随砖瓦生产的迅速增长同时通过吸收中亚与西亚地区的拱券技术汉地出现了样式繁多的砖拱券建筑多数为仿木建筑造型In the early stage of China, pure brick and stone structures were mostly found in underground tombs. Except for pagodas and bridges above the ground, such technologies were rarely used. During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, with the rapid growth of brick and tile production.唯爱情与美食不可辜负七夕去这些餐厅享受浪漫时刻原创2021-08-12 11:20·新京报今年七夕正值周末不必出京在繁华城市里就能找到一处私密、浪漫之所享受情侣间的美好时光这几家适合过七夕的酒店与餐厅或者拥有室外空间或者用餐距离宽敞私密性好比如胡同深处的四合院法餐清新浪漫的露台早午餐仿佛置身于南欧的意大利烛光晚餐以及地道摩登的粤式大餐和江南菜另外这些餐厅特别提醒享受浪漫时刻的同时减少聚集注意防范最好提前预约四合院里过七夕在紫藤花下享受创意法餐浪漫地：古城老院法餐厅&精品酒店浪漫主题：四合院、浪漫法餐、珍贵藏品胡同、四合院、法餐这些最浪漫的字眼汇集在同一空间是情侣们过七夕的不错选择古城老院法餐厅&精品酒店藏在魏家胡同深处的四合院中房梁、前廊的彩绘壁画出自故宫博物院绘画大师王良友之手这里还有各种藏品比如一张1830年的橡木餐桌出自德裔家具师高仪之手坐在院中要尝尝经典而充满创意的时令法式料理主厨王一春的夏季Fine Dining菜单包括布瑞奇绿宝石生蚝、烟熏马哈鱼、脆烤无菌蛋、北海道扇贝、乳鸽和肉眼牛排等其中法国布瑞奇绿宝石生蚝饱满甜美搭配酸度极高的日本柚子醋达到口感上的平衡佐以俄罗斯黑鱼子酱以及创意分子料理做成的血柚泡沫形成微妙的层次感另一道来自苏格兰的马哈鱼经过二次烟熏沉淀出更为浓郁的果木香在两种酱汁的点缀下鱼肉味道变得更加立体犬牙鱼也不可错过这是一种生长在南极深海中的鱼鱼肉经过日本酱油、芝麻油的浸泡腌制味美鲜甜煎制后充盈着油脂的芳香约会时甜品永远是完美的句号青苹果慕斯是一道暗藏着树莓夹心的经典甜品入口散发纯净的果香分外怡人浪漫的日子里不能浪费与爱人相聚的夜晚步入精品酒店的二进院正值紫藤花开花下品茗畅谈别有一番韵味这里的藏品同样值得欣赏比如源自清嘉庆时期的十扇屏屏上的祝寿词据说已有500年历史；屋内的楠木花罩是浙江东阳清刀大师的杰作最后不妨去南厢房躺在全自动露天按摩浴缸中打开天窗一起看星星七夕的正确打开方式意大利烛光晚餐了解一下浪漫地：北京四季酒店Mio餐厅浪漫主题：手工意式宽面、阿夸利罗海鲜烩饭如果想享受意大利的浪漫烛光晚餐可以预订北京四季酒店米其林一星餐厅Mio的七夕情人节晚餐安之莲生蚝1号、奥赛加鱼子酱、松露有机天妇罗、阿夸利罗海鲜烩饭等六道菜带着你穿越到南欧阿夸利罗海鲜烩饭十分丰富加入了新西兰鳌虾、扇贝、加纳边尼露红虾和青口贝其实意大利海鲜饭的精髓在于高汤由多种海鲜熬制而成鲜味十足这里的意大利菜经典又摩登主厨Marco的家乡是意大利美丽的滨海城市里米尼有着丰富的美食文化他的烹饪理念个性鲜明在传统味道中融入摩登元素除了特别推出的七夕菜品另外几道招牌菜也不妨一试比如手工意式宽面配加纳边尼露红虾、罗勒宽面如同缎带纯手工制作搭配丰富浓稠的酱汁再加入加纳边尼露红虾肉质饱满紧致充满浓郁的意大利风情此外还有人气极高的鹅肝批浓郁口感在蜜桃果酱点缀下再搭配新鲜出炉的面包入口即融女士不妨点一份牛膝蟹味菇意式饺子牛膝肉加入多种蔬菜调味后炖煮作为内馅包入意式饺子带来浓郁风味罗马Pinsa不是比萨用露台早午餐开启浪漫的一天浪漫地：北京瑜舍Frasca、京雅堂浪漫主题：意式早午餐、京雅堂烤鸭今年七夕正值周末从早午餐就可以浪漫起来——在北京瑜舍意大利餐厅Frasca的露台绿植围绕下享受地道的意式早午餐罗马Pinsa和意大利面是很多食客的心头好与熟悉的意大利比萨不同Pinsa更为健康原料选自意大利本土富有营养的小麦面粉、大豆粉和米粉手工慢揉配以传统肉类用木柴及日本长木炭烤制十分美味手工意大利面搭配烟熏黑椒猪脸肉制作出的Carbonara传统培根蛋酱意大利面加入羊奶芝士后奶香更为浓郁此外四道式早午餐的招牌菜之一Josper碳烤澳洲牛里脊使用木柴及日本长木炭烤制让鲜嫩的澳洲牛里脊吸收烟熏的香气淋上意式传统酱汁口感馥郁香浓搭配葡萄酒最赞当然Frasca也为七夕特别推出了浪漫四道式套餐难得的是每道菜都由侍酒师精心搭配了葡萄酒比如优曼尼罗驰珠俪奥干红葡萄酒酒体丰满口味悠长将和牛牛里脊衬托得更加美味；甜品树莓慕斯配新鲜梅子搭配鲁芬诺赛莱丽基昂蒂甜白葡萄酒可作为完美的收场如果你更喜欢中式晚餐可以去瑜舍的米其林餐厅京雅堂享受双人分享餐除了人气极高的话梅小番茄、京雅堂烤鸭主厨李冬还为情侣推出了几款创意菜品推荐焦糖酥脆梅花肉选取伊比利亚黑猪肉的梅花肉部分以果蔬香料低温慢煮油炸蜂窝效果浇淋焦糖酱入口外酥里嫩葱油面、清远鸡谁说七夕吃中餐不浪漫浪漫地：王府半岛酒店凰庭浪漫主题：新主厨的新菜单、 红胡椒干焗大黄鱼七夕吃什么对美食非常挑剔的情侣不妨去王府半岛酒店的凰庭中餐厅试试新任行政主厨施晨荣的手艺他将粤菜烹饪技艺融入到江南菜中独具创意松茸菜胆炖海螺、京葱藜麦烧辽参、罗勒原蒜煎大虾、红胡椒干焗大黄鱼等都是主厨的招牌菜红胡椒干焗大黄鱼和羊肚菌慢炖和牛肉是必点菜前者是江南名菜将野生黄鱼剔骨腌制后放置于砂锅中干葱、姜和蒜为辅料去腥提鲜撒入南美洲红胡椒文火慢焗将胡椒独有的芳香气味与黄鱼的鲜香融合尤为鲜美后者是粤菜与江南菜的融合创新牛肉搭配羊肚菌滑嫩弹齿除了常规的菜单凰庭还推出七夕套餐都是人气菜品包括姜葱清远鸡、鱼子溏心蛋、松茸拌莴笋、羊肚菌花胶清鸡汤、牛油果芥末虾球、罗勒黑椒M5和牛、XO酱葱油手工面等搭配半岛香槟其中XO酱葱油手工面令人惊艳来自上海的施晨荣主厨保留了传统葱油拌面的烹饪手法选面讲究小葱入油精心熬制香咸酥脆大胆搭配经典粤式菜系中的XO酱汁提鲜粤式大餐提升七夕幸福感用一杯限定鸡尾酒告白浪漫地：新明园、饮冰室浪漫主题：限定鸡尾酒七夕不妨享受地道的粤式浪漫大餐去位于侨福芳草地的新明园中餐厅品尝几道招牌菜当胃获得满足幸福感自然会飙升招牌菜三葱焖牛肋骨精选澳洲安格斯牛肋骨加入独有的秘制酱汁上火慢煨后再用炸香的三葱提鲜肉质鲜美还有梨香炸酿鲜带子让鲜甜与清甜互相成就入口轻盈；北滘盐烧鲜鲍鱼以严苛的时间把控与调味技法呈现鲍鱼的鲜活口感黑松露菌腊肠鸡煲饭收尾鸡肉油香丰腴拌以黑松露如点睛之作先别着急回家浪漫的七夕之夜还要有其他安排饮冰室限定版鸡尾酒便是最好的尝试一餐过后转场位于侨福芳草地10层的饮冰室置身雨林沉浸在美酒与黑胶唱片的美妙中来这里点一杯波多克晨雾限定鸡尾酒由资深调酒师调制渐变蓝色让夏天变得更加清爽你也不妨试试另一款七夕限定款鸡尾酒取名自托卡伊河流的蒂萨微甜热带水果的芬芳带来甜美的告白新京报记者 曲筱艺编辑 李铮 校对 陈荻雁图片 采访对象供图